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Better metals are vital to technological progress.
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- 2017 год
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Английский текст
I. Перепишите следующие предложения, определите в каждом из них видовременную форму и залог глагола-сказуемого. Переведите предложения на русский язык.
1. When much materials had been looked through and some problems had been solved, the article was published.
2. Electric cars will be widely used in future.
3. Today plastics are being applied for car bodies.
4. This lecturer is listened to with great interest.
II. Перепишите следующие предложения и переведите их на русский язык, обращая внимание на разные значения слов it, that, one.
1. It is proved that light needs time to travel any distance.
2. One must take part in scientific work.
3. Specialists consider that in future city transport will reject gasoline.
III. Перепишите предложения и переведите их на русский язык, обращая внимание на различные значения глаголов to be, to have, to do.
1. Scientists had to create new materials for industry.
2. This material does not possess elastic properties.
3. This material has many valuable properties.
4. He was to get these data yesterday.
IV. Перепишите следующие предложения и переведите их на русский язык, обращая внимание на бессоюзное подчинение.
1. We know electricity produces heat.
2. The new materials chemists developed were used in space technology.
V. Перепишите следующие предложения и переведите их на русский язык, обращая внимание на функцию инфинитива.
1. They were to install the new equipment.
2. The metal to be used in the experiment is to be hard.
3. To reinforce the metal engineers use artificial fibers.
4. To operate this complex device is rather difficult.
VI. Прочитайте и переведите с 1 по 3-й абзацы текста. Перепишите и письменно переведите 2, 3 и 4-й абзацы.
Better metals are vital to technological progress.
2. Metals are mostly solid at ordinary temperature and possess comparatively high melting points with the exception of mercury. They are for the most part good conductors of heat and electricity, and silver is the best in this respect. As to their chemical properties the first point to be mentioned is that they vary widely in degree of chemical activity: some are enormously active and others are inert. The Earth contains a large number of metals useful to man. Of all metals to be utilized in industry iron remains by far the most important. Modern industry needs considerable quantities of this metal either in the form of iron or steel.
3. To get the desirable characteristics in metals or to improve them the art to mix metals and other substances began to develop. The first alloys that were formed in this way were sometimes stronger, tougher, harder and more elastic than the metals of which they were composed. To estimate nowadays how many alloys there exist in the modern world is difficult because their numbers increase daily.
4. To serve special uses modern metals and alloys must be lighter yet stronger, more corrosion-resistant, more suitable for automated fabrication yet less expensive than those available before.
VII. Прочитайте 1 и 2-й абзацы текста и ответьте на вопросы письменно.
1. What was vital to the advance of civilization?
2. What metals were the first to be used by a man?
3. Why were they used first?
4. How many metals are available in large quantities today?
5. What do transportation, communication, construction and manufacturing depend on?
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