выполнено на сервисе Автор24

Студенческая работа на тему:

TEST 6 READING Read the text and fill in the table with + true or - false MANAGERIAL

Контрольная работа Языки (переводы)

Создан заказ №724368

25 сентября 2015

TEST 6 READING Read the text and fill in the table with + true or - false MANAGERIAL

Как заказчик описал требования к работе:

Выполнить контрольную по языкам (переводам) за 2 дня в двух вариантах. Пишите сразу сколько будет стоить контрольная.

Фрагмент выполненной работы:

TEST 6 READING Read the text and fill in the table with + true or - false: MANAGERIAL, POLITICAL, AND LEGAL APPROACHES TO PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION Public administration involves a number of complex concerns and functions. It is not surprising, therefore, that as an academic discipline or theory, public administration lacks coherence. Some of scholars viewed it as a managerial endeavor, similar to practices in the private sector. (работа была выполнена специалистами Автор 24) Others emphasized its political aspects. Still others viewed it as a distinctively legal discipline, noting the importance of constitutions and regulations in public administration. Those who defined public administration in managerial terms, viewed public administration essentially the same as big business and accordingly ought to be run according to the same managerial principles. They promoted the bureaucratic organizational structure of public administration. Bureaucracy requires a highly specialized division of labor which enables each worker to become an expert at what he or she does. Then, specialization requires coordination and hierarchy that creates a chain of authority to manage and coordinate the work. Data were gathered and statistically analyzed. The selection of public servants was recommended to be based according to their efficiency and performance. They believed that public employees should be prohibited from taking an active part in politics as “administrative questions are not political questions”, and to become businesslike they had to become nonpolitical. Law was deemphasized: as Leonard White (1923) stressed, “the study of administration should start from the base of management rather than the foundation of law”. In making decisions public administrators were to choose most cost-effective. The managerial approach tends to minimize the distinction between public and private administration. Public administration differs from private administration in many significant ways. The legal approach emphasizes the rule of law and views public administration as applying and enforcing the law in concrete circumstances to protect an individual from malicious, arbitrary, erroneous, or unconstitutional deprivation of life or administrative action. In contemporary public administration the elements of all the three approaches can be found. true false 1. A highly specialized division of experts enables each worker to become a professional one. * 2. Public administration differs from private administration but not significantly. * 3. Public administration includes a number of concerns and functions. * 4. The managerial approach minimizes the distinction between public and private administration. * 5. All the elements of the three approaches can be found in contemporary public administration. * VOCABULARY Match the phrases: 1 pubic I administration 2 local G government 3 implementation B period 4 legitimate C authority 5 to consult a D specialist 6 employmentJ agency 7 customs E official 8 civil F servant 9 to claim A for attention 10 constitutional H monarch Решение: 1-I, 2-G, 3-B, 4-C, 5-D, 6-J, 7-E, 8-F, 9-A, 10-H Complete each sentence using a word derivationally related to the word given in brackets: This idea is good but implementation of such a scheme will be difficult. (implement) I am not authorized to approve payments. (authorize) Many civil servants are sure that they can govern better than the politicians. (government) There is a lot of bureaucracy involved in getting an import license. (bureaucrat) She is a specialist in Eastern European affairs. (special) It is the Prime Minister's official residence. (officer) GRAMMAR Choose the correct form: 1. Journalists an article now. write с) writes are writing d) have been writing 2. This bill … signed yesterday. is c) had been has been d) was 3. There many books in our public library. was c) are will be d) is 4. This article is interesting I have ever read. more c) much the most d) the much 5. He is late, he? does c) are isn't d) don't 6. I see you have some problems. …I help you? should c) have to can d) must 7. This book was writtenO'Henry. since c) by for d) from 8. Do you study foreign languages? some c) the some of d) any 9. My wife was busy and I had to cook dinner… . self c) myself oneself d) herself 10. I rang …….up yesterday. they c) their them d) themselves 11...Посмотреть предложения по расчету стоимости